نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
An important part of the rural economic activities is related to tourism, which is one of the levers of rural development. The development of rural tourism is a new strategy for the prosperity of the rural economy. Since security is the most basic principle in formulating tourism development strategies, therefore, the main issue of the current research is the analysis of the role of security in the tourism development in desert villages in Sorkheh Township. The research is a survey that is done by descriptive-analytical method and the main data collection tool is a questionnaire that has been completed by the statistical community (170 non-native tourists). In order to investigate the affecting components in security in the development of rural tourism, T. test was used. Examination of the mean differences of the variables shows that the items of spatial, racial and landscape stability components are in a better position than other items. The correlation between security indicators in the development of rural tourism in the region is equal to 0.789, which indicates the ability to explain 79% of the changes (variance). Analysis of variance ANOVA and Fisher test showed that there is no significant difference between the villages of Sorkheh Township in terms of political and environmental indicators. Based on the WASPAS and ARAS techniques, the two villages of Biabank and Lasjerd are in the first place in terms of research indicators and development sustainability indicators. The research findings show that the security of tourists based on research indicators is higher in Biabank and Lasjerd villages and these two villages are more developed than other villages. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies to improve the security of tourists in other villages.
Introduction
One of the new economic opportunities in rural areas is the tourism industry, which is growing rapidly due to global needs. Creating employment, foreign exchange, regional balance, contributing to world peace and investing in cultural heritage, improving the environment, helping to improve wildlife habitats, developing rural areas with tourist attractions and preventing out-of-town migration and the like are among the benefits. Security is the first condition for human life and living in a place. If a place is not safe, it is uninhabitable, and it is not possible to provide a healthy economy until security prevails in a country. Tourism security is: the perceived or real security of the tourist when traveling to a specific destination that has social, political, economic, cultural and physical dimensions. Security is the most fundamental principle in formulating tourism development strategies. There is a relationship between rural tourism, stability, security and rural development. The prosperity of tourism follows the development of the village and the development of the village guarantees the security of the village. Since security has a tremendous impact on tourism development and especially the motivation of private sector investment in rural areas, so the present study aims to analyze the role of security in the development of tourism in desert villages in Sorkheh Township.
Research methodology
The methodology of this research is based on observable and testable facts. Due to the nature of the subject, the present study is applied and has been conducted in a documentary-survey manner. The statistical population of the study was non-native tourists who visited the villages of Sorkheh Township in the spring of 2019. In order to identify the factors affecting the safety of tourists in the studied villages, after a survey of rural planning experts and also reviewing the research literature, 5 components and 42 final criteria were identified. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Questionnaire questions were designed taking into account the objectives of the research and the opinions of experts and key components obtained from library studies. The main constructs of research variables include security in social, political, economic, cultural and environmental dimensions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and ARS and WASPAS techniques.
Research findings
Analysis of the status of tourist security indicators with t-test in the region showed that all research indicators are in good condition. The items of spatial component, racial component and landscape stability component are in a better position than other items. The correlation between security indicators in rural tourism in the region is equal to 0.789, which means that the mentioned indicators have the ability to explain 78% of the changes (variance). Analysis of regression variance model shows that there is a significant relationship between different indicators (social, political, cultural, economic and environmental) at 95% confidence level. In fact, each of these indicators can be important in the security situation in the tourism of the studied villages. Analysis of variance ANOVA and F-test were performed and it was found that in political and environmental indicators, the amount of alpha error (Sig) of analysis of variance is more than the acceptable error (0.05). This means that there is no significant difference between the villages of Sorkheh Township in terms of these indicators in tourism security. Based on the WASPAS technique, it was determined that the villages of Lasjerd and Biabank (with Q_i = 0.1198) have gained the first rank in terms of security indicators in rural tourism. Also, according to ARAS technique, these two villages are in the first rank among other villages of Sorkheh Township in terms of development sustainability.
Discussion and conclusion
The security of villages and tourists at the time of the survey (Spring 1398) is desirable due to the appropriate presence of police and law enforcement forces in the area and the significant activity of traffic police on Township roads, follow-up and activities of health centers and cultural heritage in ecotourism houses, neighborhoods Accommodation for tourists and shopping centers. According to the results of this study, the level of feeling of security of tourists in rural areas of this Township is a result of the physical spaces of villages (morphology and formation of buildings, passages in rural areas) and socio-cultural spaces of villages (moral actions of villagers).
کلیدواژهها [English]
Abdoli, A., Mohammadi, J., Ebrahimi, R., (2014), An Analysis of the Feeling of Social Security of Urban Tourists (Case Study: Domestic Tourists of Isfahan), Geography and Planning, 18(50), PP: 257-235. (In Persiani)
Annabestani, A. A., Hosseini, M., Talei, H., (2016). Investigating the Impact of Police on Tourist Security Case Study: Shandiz City (Journal of Geography and Urban Space Development, 3(5), PP: 141-159. (In Persiani)
Anabestani, A. A., Pourjoopari, M., Khodadai, A., (2021). Analysis of Affecting Factors the Formation of Rural Tourism Brand in Kerman, Social Studies in Tourism, 9(17), PP: 1-28. (In Persiani)
Bagherian, M., Shobeiri, S. M., Nopour Holari, F., (2018), Sociological analysis of factors affecting the sense of social security of tourists, Tourism planning and development, 7(25), PP: 25-45. (In Persiani)
Bakhtiari, T., Rajabi, M., Hashemi, H., (2012). Investigating the Impact of Migration on Social Security, Information and Criminal Researches, 7(4), PP: 78-139. (In Persiani)
Barghi, H., Kazemi, Z., Souri, F., Mosayebi, S., (2012). Evaluation of Ranking of Effective Components of Rural Tourism Marketing with Mixed Marketing (Case Study: Amol, Babol, Babolsar Townships), Regional Planning, 2(6), PP: 31-41. (In Persiani)
B, Hansen. L, (2007). International Security, Vol. III: Widening Security, SAGE Publications, London: New Delhi, Singapore
Bazrafshan, J., Toolabi Nejad, M., (2016). Analysis of the Effects and Functions of Social Capital on the Sustainable Security of Frontier Villages in the Central District of Saravan, Journal of APPlied Geographical Sciences, 16(41), PP: 55-76. (In Persiani)
Chandler, D. (2007). The security–development nexus and the rise of ‘antiforeign policy, Journal of International Relations and Development, 10(4), PP :362-386
Darvishi, H., Biranvand Zadeh, M., Dehghani, S. A., Ahmadi, S. (2014). Prioritizing Rural Tourism Development Strategies from the Landscape land use planning, Case Study: Gaykan Village of Aligodarz, Rural Development Strategies. 1(2), 69- 84. (In Persiani)
Dellera, S., Kuresb, M., Conroya, T. (2019), Rural entrepreneurship and migration, Rural studies, V 66, pp: 30-42.
Derakhshi, M., Sharifinia, Z., (2018), Spatial analysis of tourists' sense of security and its impact on tourism development, geography and regional development, 16(1), PP: 193-221. (In Persiani)
Dorostkar, E., Nabiuni, S., Abbasi, A. R. (2019). A Study of Political Security from the Perspective of Defense Regional Planning Using Hierarchical Analysis, National Security, 9 (33), PP: 173 - 194. (In Persiani)
Dozandeh, F., Amar, T., (2019), The role of security and the creation of laws to protect foreign tourists in the direction of economic development and tourism as an international solution using the DEMATE method, New attitudes in human geography, 11(4), PP: 89-102. (In Persiani)
Ebrahimzadeh, I., Maleki, G., Farhadinejad, H., (2015), Strategic planning of tourism development with emphasis on sustainable development in Khorramabad region, geography and urban-regional planning, No. 14, PP: 1-24. (In Persiani)
Fathipour, A., Ghadami, M., Hindiani, A., Rezaei, A. A. (2018), Replacing the tourism industry with oil revenue; The need for sustainable security, Strategic Studies, 21 (3), PP: 33-59. (In Persiani)
Golshiri Esfahani, Z., Rokneddin Eftekhari, A. R., Pourtahari, M., (2015). Spatial Analysis of Health Tourist Safety in Iranian Rural Areas, Geopolitical Quarterly, 11(2), PP: 197-174. (In Persiani)
Hajinejad, A., Fattahi, A., Paydar, A., (2015), Application of models and decision-making techniques in geography with emphasis on rural, urban and tourism planning goat, Jihad Daneshgahi Publications. (In Persiani)
Hezar Jaribi, J., (2011). Feeling Safe from the Perspective of Tourism Development, Geography and Environmental Planning, 22(2), PP: 121-143. (In Persiani)
Imbeah, N., Bujdoso, Z. (2018). Tourist safety and security in the Central Region of Ghana overview and case study, the European Ecocycles Society, 4(2), PP: 33-45.
Jafari, K., Mesgarzadeh, S., Mirzakhani, M. (2018), Factors Affecting the Social Security of Tabriz Citizens, Sociological Studies, 10 (38), PP: 61-83. (In Persiani)
Jahanbakhsh Ganjeh, S., Hosseinipoor, S. A., (2017). Investigating the Rate and Social Factors Related to Sense of Social Security (Case Study: Shopkeepers in Tehran), Social Security Studies, No. 51, PP: 83-117. (In Persiani)
Kargar, Bahman, Sarvar, Rahim, (2011), City, Margins and Social Security, Geographical Organization Publications, Tehran. (In Persiani)
Khajvand, I., Nawabakhsh, M., Fathi, S. (2017), Analysis of Security Indicators for the Development of Tourism Industry in Mazandaran Province, Geography, 7 (4), PP: 169-185. (In Persiani)
Kiani Salmi, S., Mehrabi, A., (2017), Identifying the affecting factors tourism security and its role in satisfaction, loyalty and tourist attraction Case study: Isfahan tourists, Social Security Studies, No. 52, PP 229-266. (In Persiani)
Mahdenejad, H., Mostajabi, H., Parhiz, F., Rezaei, M. (2020), Analysis of the Impact of Land Management on Tourism Development and Security in Golestan Province, Entezam-e-Ejtemaei, 12 (1), PP: 123–143. (In Persiani)
Matakovic, H., Matakovic, I. C. (2019), The impact of crime on security in tourism, Political Science, V: 27, PP: 1-20, DOI:10.35467/sdq/115539
MC Kinnon, R. (2020), Introduction: Social security, inclusive growth and social cohesion, International Social Security Review, 73(3), PP: 5-12
Moayed Far, S., Taghavai, M., Zangi Abadi, A., (2014). Explaining Tourist Security with Emphasis on the Components of Tourism Crisis Management Case Study: Shahriz, Law Enforcement Affairs, 2(7), PP: 1-24. (In Persiani)
Najarzadeh, M., Torabi, Z., Malekan, A., (2017). Investigating the effect of social capital on good governance and sustainability of rural communities with the moderating role of cultural capital, spatial planning (geography). 7(3), PP: 40-25. (In Persiani)
Nyong Abam, E. (2017), Investigating the Security of Guests in Tourism Establishments in Buea Subdivision, Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 6 (3), PP: 1-2, DOI: 10.4172/2167-0269.1000288
Piltan, F., Boroomand, M., (2014). Investigating the Role of Social Capital on the Social Security Study of All Women and Men in Jahrom 18-45 years old, Iranian Social Development Studies, 6(2), PP: 119- 129. (In Persiani)
Poorbagher, S. M., Rezaei, S., (2018). The Role of Providing Security and Identification of Insecure Tourism Centers in Increasing the Number of Tourists to Hamedan Province, 2016, Urban Ecology Research, 9(2), PP: 55-69. (In Persiani)
Ramezan zadeh Lesbouei, M., Akbarian Ronizi, S. R., Ramezani Fard, H., Heidari, Z., (2015). Tourism Development in Coastal Cities and Social Security (Case Study: Tonekabon), Geographical Planning Research, 3(3), PP: 324-309. (In Persiani)
Razavian, M. T., Aghaei, P., (2014), Investigating and Evaluating the Sense of Social Security in the Neighborhood (Case Study: A Comparative Study of Jamaran and Fatemi Neighborhoods), Geography and urban planning of the Zagros landscape, 6(20), PP: 43- 57. (In Persiani)
Rezvani, M. R., Bayat, N., (2014). Analyzing the Rural Tourism Position in the Large-Scale Development Plans of the Country with Emphasis on Five-Year National Development Plans, Tourism Development Planning. 3(9), PP: 11-30. (In Persiani)
Riahi V., Roshan A. M., (2019). Assessing the effects of entrepreneurship development on rural tourism development, tourism space, 8 (30), PP: 83-99. (In Persiani)
Rostami, F., Ehsanifar, T., (2019). Propulsion of Rural Tourism Entrepreneurship Development, Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 5(2), PP: 71-83. (In Persiani)
Sadeghi, B., Googerdchian, A., Shahbazi, N. A., Seifi, M. (2013). The Effects of Economic Security on Tourism Development in Iran, Journal of Economic Studies and Policies, 10(2), PP: 198-171. (In Persiani)
Safari, M., Ahmadian Fard, K., Sadeghian, H., Gholamian, S. (2018), Recognition and Analysis of Social Security in Tourism Target Villages, Planning Studies for Human Settlements, 13 (2), PP: 481 - 501. (In Persiani)
Salimi, S., (2014). Tourism and Sustainable Tourism Development Case Study: Tehran City, Journal of Law Enforcement Affairs, 2(8), PP: 97-128. (In Persiani)
Salimi Sobhan, M. R., Faizi, S., Gharavi, M. (2019), The effect of social security on the perceived value of the development of border tourism destinations, Border Studies, 7 (3), PP: 21 - 48. (In Persiani)
Santos, C., Silva, D., Amorim, E. (2018). The Impact of Tourism Security on the Image of the Destination-The Case of Portugal, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(1), PP: 50-56.
Shihaki Tash, M., Reisi, A., Ahang, F., Pouranjanar, G. (2020), Identification and prioritization of factors affecting security in the direction of tourism development, tourism planning and development, 9 (3), PP: 175 - 199. (In Persiani)
Tayeb Nia, S. H., (2020), Evaluation of Tourists' Satisfaction and Analysis of Affecting Factors on Their Satisfaction in the Border Cities of Western Iran, Tourism Space, 9(36), PP: 1-17. (In Persiani)
Trogisch, L., Fletcher R. (2020), Fortress tourism: exploring dynamics of tourism, security and peace around the Virunga Tran boundary conservation area, Journal OF Sustainable Tourism, Published online, PP: 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1857767
Yu-ShanWang, (2009). The impact of crisis events and macroeconomic activity on Taiwan's international inbound tourism demand, Tourism Management, 30(1), PP: 75-82.
)