بررسی و تحلیل جامع رخداد توفان های گردوغبار شدید در نیمه شرقی ایران با استفاده از مدل های عددی، تصاویر ماهواره ای و داده های مشاهداتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

3 کارشناس هواشناسی، آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز، ایران

4 استادیار گروه اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

توفان­ گردوغبار یکی از معضلات زیست­محیطی است که اثرات مخربی بر روی سلامتی انسان، کیفیت هوا و اقتصاد کشورهای­ جهان می­گذارد. هدف از این تحقیق تحلیل همدید و شناسایی منشأ گردوغبارهای وارد شده به شرق ایران و ردیابی مسیر حرکت آن­­ها می­باشد. ابتدا با استفاده از داده­های دید افقی، تصاویر ماهواره­ای، شاخص گردوغبار مربوط به ماهواره OMPS و شاخص عمق نوری آئروسل­ها (AOD)، توفان­های­ گردوغبار شرق ایران طی دوره آماری 2010 تا 2018 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس داده­های فشار، سمت و سرعت باد و ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل و جریان­های جتی در سطوح مختلف جوی از مرکز اروپایی پیش­بینی­های هواشناختی (ECMWF) با قدرت تفکیک مکانی 25/0× 25/0 دریافت شد. در نهایت برای مشخص­کردن منشأ شکل­گیری توفان­ از مدل HYSPLITE استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که 67/46 درصد از توفان­های منطقه به صورت محلی و 33/33 درصد به صورت انتقال یافته از محل دیگر می­باشند و 20 درصد نیز به صورت همزمان رخ داده است. نتایج حاصل از مطالعات ماهواره­ای نشان داد که توفان­های انتقال یافته معمولاً در جنوب عراق و مرکز عربستان شکل گرفته و سپس به سمت منطقه مورد مطالعه انتقال یافته است که با نتایج حاصل از مدل مقایسه و صحت­سنجی شد. بررسی­های همدیدی این نوع توفان­ها نیز نشان داد که منشأ سینوپتیکی آن­ها، باد شَمال می­باشد که در اکثر موارد همگرایی جت استریم جنب­حاره و قطبی، شرایط مطلوبی برای رخداد توفان­های شدید گردوغبار فراهم آورده است. نتایج توفان­های شکل گرفته درخود محل نیز نشان داد که عامل توفان­  ناشی از گرادیان شدید فشاری، سیکلون و دخالت جریانات رودباد است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A comprehensive study of severe dust storms in the eastern part of Iran using numerical modeling, satellite imagery and observation data

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Yarmoradi 1
  • Behrooz Nasiri 2
  • Gholam Hassan Mohammadi 3
  • Mostafa Karampour 4
1 Ph.D. in Climatology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Climatology, Lorestan University, Iran
3 Meteorological Expert of East Azarbaijan, Tabriz
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Climatology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Dust storms are one of the environmental problems that affect human health, air quality and the economies of the countries of the world on a large scale. The purpose of this study is the identification of the source of dust entering the east of Iran and tracking its route. Initially, using horizontal visibility data, satellite imagery, Dust Aerosol Index related to the OMPS, and AOD, the dust storms detected from 2000 until 2018 were examined. Then, the pressure data, wind direction, wind speed, geopotential heights and jet streams at various atmospheric levels were obtained from the European Meteorological Center (ECMWF) with a spatial resolution of 0.25 * 0.25. Finally, the HYSPLTE model was used to determine the origin of the storm formation. The results showed that 46.67% of the region's dust storms were local, 33.33% were transmitted, and 20% occurred concurrently. The satellite studies of the transmitted dust storms showed that they formed in southern Iraq and central Saudi Arabia and then moved to the studied area, which was compared with the results of the model. Synoptic studies also showed the synoptic origin of the storms and their being structured by northern winds, where jet streams and polar jet streams converge to provide favorable conditions for dust storms. The study of the storms formed at the site indicated that severe storms in the area could be due to the pressure gradient, cyclones and jet stream interference in the area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Numerical modeling
  • Dust storm
  • HYSPLI
  • AOD

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کاوش های جغرافیایی مناطق بیابانی
دوره 7، شماره 2
اسفند 1398
صفحه 1-24

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