بررسی اثرات کارآفرینی گردشگری بر توسعه منطقه‌ای با رویکر آمایش سرزمین (مطالعه موردی شهرستان‌های چابهار، کنارک، دشتیاری و زرآباد)

1. Introduction

Tourism is known as a broad economic-social activity and an important pillar in economic equations, one of the important tools of development, from which the economy, society, culture and environment receive many effects. Many countries consider this dynamic industry as the main source of income, employment and private sector growth and infrastructure development. Despite the different conditions, tourism is always considered as an important factor for economic development. The biggest industry of today's era requires creative thinking and entrepreneurship to continue, and on the other hand, it has provided a unique platform for creating employment and entrepreneurship in urban and rural areas. This industry has many capabilities and opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship, and investing in it is the basis for the expansion and prosperity of businesses and the creation of many job opportunities. In the process of entrepreneurship, by presenting new ideas and creating and identifying new opportunities, a new product or service is introduced or improvement of the production structure is taken, which is accompanied by the acceptance of financial, psychological and social risks. And receiving financial resources is personal satisfaction and independence. Tourism entrepreneurship is a complex, comprehensive and long-term process that creates employment and ultimately reduces unemployment and social anomalies. In most countries of the world, special attention has been paid to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs in the field of tourism, and within the framework of the behavioral or environmental theory of entrepreneurship, the strengthening of tourism entrepreneurship through the creation and development of space and a suitable platform for its development is a tool for the progress of countries, especially developing countries. It counts.

2. Research Methodology

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the research is made up of four cities of Chabahar, Kanarak, Dashtiari and Zarabad, which according to the last general population and housing census, there were 381,219 people, and using the Cochran formula, 384 people were selected as a sample among rural and urban areas. . In order to collect information and research data, a researcher-made questionnaire has been used, whose formal and content validity has been confirmed after various reviews by specialists and experts and the necessary defects have been removed. Also, for the reliability of the research, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and the value of the obtained alpha coefficient was equal to 0.79, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire in order to measure the research variables. Economic, socio-cultural, institutional, physical-infrastructural and environmental indicators have been used for tourism entrepreneurship and economic, social and environmental indicators have been used for economic development. In order to analyze the research findings, one-sample t-test, multivariate regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used.

3. Results and discussion

The researched findings have been analyzed in two descriptive and inferential sections. The results of the descriptive findings showed that 63% of the respondents were men and the remaining 37% were women. In terms of marital status, 58% were married and the remaining 42% were single. In terms of the age of the respondents, the highest percentage of frequency with 25% belongs to the age group of 31 to 40 years and the lowest percentage of frequency with 9% is assigned to the age group above 60 years. In terms of education level, the highest percentage with 23% is allocated to the diploma education group and the lowest frequency percentage with 14% is allocated to the master's and doctorate education group. In terms of the employment status of the respondents, 38% are in the self-employed group, 26% are in the employee group, 15% are in the student group, 11% are in the housewife group, and 10% are in the farmer group.

4. Conclusion

The results of the research findings indicate that the studied area has a very high capacity in the field of tourism and attracting domestic and foreign tourists. The presence of very beautiful beaches, pristine and beautiful nature such as Martian mountains and very beautiful rocks, the existence of a free trade zone, etc. can all attract many tourists to this region. Although there are many capacities in these regions, but until now all these regions have not been able to take effective measures in the field of tourism entrepreneurship, and only in two regions of Chabahar and Kanarak, the situation of tourism entrepreneurship is relatively good. The results of the research showed that the two cities of Dashtiari and Zarabad, despite having high tourism capacities, are in unfavorable conditions in terms of tourism entrepreneurship, and are considered among the deprived areas of the country in terms of development. The results of the research on the effects of tourism entrepreneurship on regional development showed that the economic index has the greatest impact on regional development, in other words, it can be said that the prosperity of tourism entrepreneurship causes economic growth and development in the region. and the economy, which is the superstructure of all affairs, provides growth and development in all social, cultural, educational and environmental fields, which as a result ends in regional development. The results of the research findings showed that economic, physical-infrastructural, social-cultural, institutional and environmental indicators have an effect on regional development, which is in agreement with the theoretical findings of Sarmazeh and Sidaei (1400), Mohammadzadeh et al. (2017) and Bassoli et al. (2018) is consistent. The general results of the research show that Aamish Sarmeen can identify regional strengths and limitations by organizing and organizing the tourism space of the region and with a coordinated and long-term planning in the direction of tourism entrepreneurship in this region. The region should contribute a lot to the development and progress of this region by optimally using the available resources. Achieving this important matter requires optimal use of territorial capabilities, organizing various dimensions of development including economic, social and environmental.