بررسی مؤلفه‌های کالبدی – محیطی تأثیرگذار بر امنیت گردشگران در بافت‌های ‌تاریخی ‌شهریزد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی‌شهری، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران ، ایران

2 دانشیار جغرافیا وبرنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه پیام نور تهران ایران

3 استادیار، جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی‌شهری، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران ، ایران

4 استادیار، جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی‌شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران ، ایران

5 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ ارشد، آمایش‌شهری دانشگاه‌پیام‌نور، تهران ، ایران

چکیده

احساس امنیت‌گردشگران در فضاهای‌تاریخی شهر امری انکارناپذیر است، لذا امنیت از اثرگذارترین شاخص‌های جذب‌گردشگردراین گونه فضاهای شهری محسوب می‌شود. در میان عوامل تأثیرگذار برامنیت‌گردشگران، مؤلفه‌های کالبدی بافت‌تاریخی‌شهر دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای است که کمتر به آن توجه شده است بنابراین هدف این پژوهش بررسی مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار بر امنیت در دربافتهای تاریخی در شهر یزد است. این شهر با داشتن جاذبه‌های گردشگری‌تاریخی هر ساله تعدادزیادی از گردشگران را جذب می‌کند. پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف‌کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت و روش – توصیفی، تحلیلی با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه است. جامعه‌آماری پژوهش را کلیه گردشگران تشکیل می‌دهد که تعداد حجم نمونه با استفاده از روش دسترسی 189 نفر محاسبه شد. روایی سؤالات پرسشنامه توسط اساتید و متخصصان حوزه گردشگری‌شهری تأیید شد و پایایی آن نیز با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ رقم 748/0 محاسبه شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های حاصل از مطالعات پیمایشی از نرم فزار SPSS استفاده شد. براساس نتایج پژوهش همه مؤلفه‌های کالبدی (کیفیت معابر، مبلمان و پوشش گیاهی، فرم و خوانایی بافت، تنوع کاربری و کالبدی) بر احساس امنیت گردشگران تأثیرگذار هستند. محاسبات نشان داد که متغیرهای فرم و خوانایی بافت با 328/0 Beta=و تنوع کالبدی و کاربری نسبت به سایر متغیرها پیش‌بینی کننده‌قوی‌تر هستند. کاربرد پژوهش آن است که یافته های آن میتواند افق گسترده ای را فراروی برنامه ریزان برای جذب‌گردشگران ارایه دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the influential components on the security of tourists in the historical context of the yazd city

نویسندگان [English]

  • ESMAEL NASIRI HENDEH KHALEH 1
  • Hasan Hekmatnia 2
  • eshak jalalian 3
  • mansor rezaali 4
  • fahimeh jamali 5
1 memberAssociate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, tehran University, Tehran, Iran
5 Master of Urban Planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The feeling of security of tourists in the historical spaces of the city is undeniable, so security is one of the most effective indicators of attracting tourists in such urban spaces. Among the factors influencing the safety of tourists, the physical components of the city's historical fabric are of particular importance that have received less attention. Therefore, attention to the physical structure in such spaces can greatly affect the sense of security and attraction of tourists, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting security in historical contexts in Yazd. With its historical tourist attractions, the city attracts a large number of tourists every year. The present study is analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method - descriptive using questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the study consists of all tourists, the number of sample size was calculated using the access method of 384 people. The validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts in the field of urban tourism, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.748. SPSS software was used to analyze the data from survey studies. According to the research results, all physical components (quality of passages, furniture and vegetation, texture and readability of texture, user and physical diversity) affect the security of tourists. Calculations showed that the variables of texture and readability of the texture with 0.328 Beta = and physical and user diversity are stronger predictors than other variables.The feeling of security of tourists in the historical spaces of the city is undeniable, so security is one of the most effective indicators of attracting tourists in such urban spaces. Among the factors influencing the safety of tourists, the physical components of the city's historical fabric are of particular importance that have received less attention. Therefore, attention to the physical structure in such spaces can greatly affect the sense of security and attraction of tourists, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting security in historical contexts in Yazd. With its historical tourist attractions, the city attracts a large number of tourists every year. The present study is analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method - descriptive using questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the study consists of all tourists, the number of sample size was calculated using the access method of 384 people. The validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts in the field of urban tourism, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.748. SPSS software was used to analyze the data from survey studies. According to the research results, all physical components (quality of passages, furniture and vegetation, texture and readability of texture, user and physical diversity) affect the security of tourists. Calculations showed that the variables of texture and readability of the texture with 0.328 Beta = and physical and user diversity are stronger predictors than other variables.The feeling of security of tourists in the historical spaces of the city is undeniable, so security is one of the most effective indicators of attracting tourists in such urban spaces. Among the factors influencing the safety of tourists, the physical components of the city's historical fabric are of particular importance that have received less attention. Therefore, attention to the physical structure in such spaces can greatly affect the sense of security and attraction of tourists, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting security in historical contexts in Yazd. With its historical tourist attractions, the city attracts a large number of tourists every year. The present study is analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method - descriptive using questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the study consists of all tourists, the number of sample size was calculated using the access method of 384 people. The validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts in the field of urban tourism, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.748. SPSS software was used to analyze the data from survey studies. According to the research results, all physical components (quality of passages, furniture and vegetation, texture and readability of texture, user and physical diversity) affect the security of tourists. Calculations showed that the variables of texture and readability of the texture with 0.328 Beta = and physical and user diversity are stronger predictors than other variables.The feeling of security of tourists in the historical spaces of the city is undeniable, so security is one of the most effective indicators of attracting tourists in such urban spaces. Among the factors influencing the safety of tourists, the physical components of the city's historical fabric are of particular importance that have received less attention. Therefore, attention to the physical structure in such spaces can greatly affect the sense of security and attraction of tourists, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting security in historical contexts in Yazd. With its historical tourist attractions, the city attracts a large number of tourists every year. The present study is analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method - descriptive using questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the study consists of all tourists, the number of sample size was calculated using the access method of 384 people. The validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts in the field of urban tourism, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.748. SPSS software was used to analyze the data from survey studies. According to the research results, all physical components (quality of passages, furniture and vegetation, texture and readability of texture, user and physical diversity) affect the security of tourists. Calculations showed that the variables of texture and readability of the texture with 0.328 Beta = and physical and user diversity are stronger predictors than other variables.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • security
  • tourism
  • historical context
  • yazd city
- Abbaszadeh, Mozaffar. Mohammad Moradi, Asghar. And Sultan Ahmadi, Elnaz. (2015), »The role of architectural and urban heritage values in the development of cultural tourism«: A case study of the historical context of Urmia, Quarterly Journal of Urban Studies (No­ ,14): pp. 90-77.
- Amin, Mohammad (2013). Religibus Tourism in Egypt, the American University in Cairo, School of Global Affairs and Public Policy.
- Anabestani, AliAkbar. Javanshiri, Mehdi. (2017). »The Scattered Effect on Physical Security Sense in Rural Housing.« (Case Study: Binalood County), Journal of Physical Development Planning (No. 3): pp. 62-37.
- Barton, H. Grant, M. (2003). Shaping Nelghboyhoods, London Routledge.
- Bulut, Y. (2007). Fountains as Urban Furniture in his topical urban structure, Building and Environment.
- Carmond, B. (2019). Security Tourism and Development, Boston. Ken wisePublishing.
- Campbell, K. (2006). The New Politics of National Security, Basick press.
- Churchman, A. (2002). Environment psychology and Urban Planning, Wiley press, New York.
- Dozandeh Saberi, Fatemeh, Amar, Timur (1398), The role of security and the creation of laws to protect foreign tourists in the direction of economic development and tourism as an international solution (Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, Volume 11, Number 4, pp. 101-89.
- Eradin, Z. (2007). Building a legible city. Thesis Submitted for Master of Science, Urban design, technical University of middle East.
- Eslami, Arefa, Shahbazi. Tahereh, and Ebrahimi Dehkordi, Amin. (2016). Evaluation of pedestrian capability in the framework of tourist satisfaction» Alam al-Huda sidewalk in Rasht«. Quarterly Journal of Tourism (Space No. 25): pp. 99-83.
- Farajirad, Khedr. Alian, Mehdi. Cheraghi, Ramin. (2016). »Analysis of Physical Indicators Affecting the Promotion of Environmental Security in the Historical Context of Yazd«. Journal of Law Enforcement and Security Security, Ninth Year (No. 35):
- Fourie, Johan., Rossello-Nadal, Jaume & Santana-Gallego, María. (2019). Fatal Attraction: How Security Threats Hurt Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, sagepub.com/journals-permissions, DOI: 10.1177/0047287519826208,
- Fourie, J., Rossello-Nadal, J., & Santana-Gallego, M. (2020). How security threats hurt tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 59(2), 209–219.
- Ghaleh­Noei, Mahmoud. Bahrami, Maryam. (2014). »Evaluation of effective qualities of urban reversal in Shariati St., Kerman«. Scientific Research Journal of the Scientific Association of Architecture and Urban Planning, (No. 7): pp. 33-23.
- Glan, Theresa. (20011). Walkability Social interaction and Neighborhood Design, QThesis of Master and Reginal Planning, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, usa.
- Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya., Carnicelli, Sandro., Krolikowski, Chris., Wijesinghe, Gayathri & - - Boluk, Karla. (2019). Degrowing tourism: rethinking tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2019.1601732.
- Icomus, (International Council of Buildings and Places). (2002). »International Charter of Cultural Tourism«. Quarterly Journal of the Turquoise Bridge (No. 3): pp. 14-8.
- Khademi, Hossein. Rezazadeh, Sajed. Rezaei, Zahra. (2015). »Analysis of urban impacts on tourism development in Kerman« Quarterly Journal of Disciplinary Geography,­ Third Year (No. 12): pp. 126-103.pp. 27-1.
- Kiani, Salimi. Sedigheh, Mehrabi, Ali (2017), »Identifying the effective factors on tourism security and its role in satisfaction of loyalty and attracting tourists in Isfahan«. Journal of Social Security Studies, (No. 52): pp. 229 - 226.
- Kiani, Salimi. Sedigheh, Bigleri Nia. Masoumeh (2017), »Identification and prioritization of security dimensions and its effect on tourism development in urban areas.« (Studied: Kashan), Journal of Geographical Geography, Fifth Year, (No. 20): pp. 88-59.
- Kim, G, Park. (2014). »Comparative enalysis of Defensible Space in Cpted housing«. International Journal of Low Crime and Justic, (Vole 43): pp 496 – 511.
- Kurniawan, F., Adrianto, L., Bengen, D. G., & Prasetyo, L. B. (2019). The social-ecological status of small islands: An evaluation of island tourism destination management in Indonesia. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31: 136–144.
- Lotfi, Sedigheh. Anamradnejad, Rahim. Vahedi, Haidar. (2015). »Evaluation of Physical Components of Public Spaces and Its Impact on the Security Sense of Babolsar«. Strategic Research on Security and Social Order, Fourth Year, (No. 9): pp. 152-131.
- Moayedfar, Saeedeh. and Rafi, Samaneh. (1397). »Planning to create safe urban spaces with emphasis on tourism development«. (Case study: Meybod historical context), Journal of Geography and Urban Space Development, (No. 1): pp. 152-131.
- MirHosseini, Zeinab Sadat. Jahanbakhsh, Haidar. (2016). »on the effect of physical components of historical context on the environmental safety of tourists«. (Case study: Jarkhab neighborhood of Ardakan city), Shahr identity journal, (No. 28): pp. 104-89.
- Moayed far, Saeedeh. (1397). »Evaluation of tourism spaces in Yazd city with emphasis on tourism crises«. Quarterly Journal of Urban Tourism, Volume 5, (Number 4 :( Pp. 72 - 51.
- Nastaran, Mahin. Shahyvandi, Ahmad. Babaei, Morteza. (2013). »Analysis of Different Dimensions of Security in Tourist Axes of Isfahan«. Journal of Disciplinary Geography, First Year, Third Issue, pp. 48-23.
- Naeem Abadi, Nazanin. Salimi Sobhan, Mohammad Reza, Javan, Farha, Hashem Zehi, Soodabeh (1397). »Measuring the Satisfaction of Sports Tourists with the Security of Coastal Areas.« (studied in Chabahar County), Quarterly Journal of Social Security Studies, (No. 53): pp 158 – 131.
- Lapin, T.(2007). Modalities of Urban Space, New York Sag, Publication.
- Lehner, U. (1997). The of Cycling for Women. Planning for Walking and Cycling Elsevier.
- Liu, B., Schroeder, A., Pennington-Gray, L., & Farajat, S. A. D. (2016). Source market perceptions: How risky is Jordan to travel to? Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(4): 294–304.
- Lanouar, C., & Goaied, M. (2019). Tourism, terrorism and political violence in Tunisia: Evidence from Markov-switching models. Tourism Management, 70, 404–418.
- Maximillano, K (2017). Introduction to Tourism security, Business andScience Journal, Vol 16, PP: 53- 69.
- Marshall, S.(2005). Streets & Patterns, New York, Spoon press.
- Mehdinejad, H, Mostajabi, H, Parhiz, F, Rezaei, M (1399), Analysis of the impact of land management on tourism development and security in Golestan province, Disciplinary Quarterly, No. 12, pp. 143-123.
- MC Kinnon, R. (2020), Introduction: Social security, inclusive growth and social cohesion, International Social Security Review, 73(3), PP: 5-12
Nasiri Handkhaleh, Esmaeil Ahmadi, Hassan, Salimi, Sobhan, Mohammad Reza, Mohagheghpour, Seyedeh Yasman (1400), Analysis of the effect of social security on the loyalty of foreign tourists in Sanandaj, Journal of Social Security Studies, No. 65, pp. 207-713.
- Miller, G. D. (2019). Blurred lines: The new domestic terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism, 13(3), 66–78.
 -Nosal, B.(2009). Halton Region Health Department, Creating Walkable and in Halton, Oakville, Ontario.
- Pazaki, Masoumeh, Sheikhi, Davood, Basiti, Shahram (1400), The role of security in the development of tourism in desert villages (Case study: Sorkheh city), Journal of Desert Geographical Exploration, Year 9, No. 2, pp. 199- 181.
- Petyella, L. (2004). Urban Space and Security Policies, UN habitat, WUF, Barcelona, Spain.
- Pramanik P., Ingkadijaya R.(2018). The Impact of Tourism on Village Society and its Environmental. Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 145. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/145/1/012060
- Rayman, R. (2018). Public Space and security social, capture, London press.
- Robert, J. (2003). Responsive environment. London Press.
- Ruan, Wenqi., Li, Yongquan., Zhang, Shuning & Liu, Chih-Hsing. (2019). Evaluation and drive mechanism of tourism ecological security based on the DPSIR-DEA model, Tourism Management, 75: 609–625.
- Sadeghi, Hojjatollah, Saeb, Seyed Mohammad (1400), Ecological analysis of order and security in rural tourism of Isfahan province, Scientific Journal of Geographical Desert Exploration, Ninth Year, No. 2, 2-1
- Santos, C., Silva, D., Amorim, E. (2018). The Impact of Tourism Security on the Image of the Destination-The Case of Portugal, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(1), PP: 50-56.
- Scott, F. (2019). Social criss and Tourism management, London press
- Seabra, C., Reis, P., & Abrantes, J. (2020). The influence of terrorismin tourismarrivals: A longitudinal approach in aMediterranean country. Annals of Tourism Research, 80, Article 102811.
- Shahiki Tash, Reisi, Abu Bakr, Ahang, Farahnaz, Pouranjanar, Golbahar (1399), Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting Security for Tourism Development (Case Study: Sarbaz County), Quarterly Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, No. 3, Pp. 197-176.
-Sharma, K. (2003). The Social organization of Urban Space, NEWYORK, Sage Publication.
- Sommezs, F. Grafe, R. (1998). »Influence of terrorism risk on Foreign tourism decision«. Annals of Tourism Research, (Vol, 25): no1. Pp 33 – 46.
Statistics Center of Iran. (2016).Population Statistics of West Azerbaijan Province.
- Tapak, Leili., Abbasi, Hamed & Mirhashemi, Hamid. (2019). Assessment of factors affecting tourism satisfaction using K‑nearest neighborhood and random forest models, BMC Research Notes, 12:749.
- Taylow, Peter. (2014). Tourism Security, Butterworth – Heineman Publication.
- Thomas, R. Pigozzi, B. (2005). »Tourist Carrying Capacity measures«. Journal of Professional geographer, (Vol, 57, No1): PP 13 – 20
- Timoty, D. (1995). »Tourism Acconnodation in Asian Historic city«. Journal of Tourism Studies, (Vol 6): PP10 – 21.
- Trogisch, L., Fletcher R. (2020), Fortress tourism: exploring dynamics of tourism, security and peace around the Virunga Tran boundary conservation area,  Journal OF Sustainable Tourism, Published online, PP: 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1857767
- Unver, Ahmet. (2009).people experience of Urban Lighting in Public Space, Thesis Master, Middle East University.
UNWTO. (2018). Tourism highlight 2018, edition, ANKara. Unwto.
- WTTC, Statists. (2012). Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2012, Saudi Arabia, Retrieved From: WWW. Wttc. Org.
- Wang, Hongli & Huang, Qihai. (2019). The dark side of feeling trusted for hospitality employees: An investigation in two service contexts, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76 (2019): 122–131.
- Wang L., Yotsumoto Y . (2019). Conflict in tourism development in rural China. Tourism Management. 70(1). 188-200.
- Wang, F., & Lopez, C. (2020). Does communicating safety matter? Annals of Tourism Research, 80, 102805.
- Walters, G., Wallin, A., & Hartley, N. (2019). The threat of terrorism and tourist choice behaviour. Journal of Travel Research, 58(3), 370–382.
- W.T. OC world Tourism organization (2019). Tourism Management incourtiers, Wiley press.
- Zukin. S. (1995). The culture of Cities. NEWYORK. Blackwell Publication.