Feasibility study of creating an urban sidewalk in Tollab neighborhood with emphasis on social and physical components of the study area: Vahid and Mofatteh streets in the fourth district of Mashhad municipality

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc of geography and urban planning, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Geography & Urban Planning, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

3 Associated professor of geography and urban planning at Hakim Sabzevari University (HSU).

Abstract

Feasibility study of creating an urban sidewalk in Tollab neighborhood with emphasis on social and physical components of the study area: Vahid and Mofatteh streets in the fourth district of Mashhad municipality

Abstract
The city is the bedrock of the manifestion of the culture and civilization of communities, the physical embodiment of the foundations of life (socia, economic, religious and political) and the sometimes organized environment that forms the arena of human activity. The most important pillar of any city is the field of formation of human activities; Urban spaces. Urban space is not empty space between buildinge.it is a concept that encompasses the physical environment of people, events and the relationships between them. Before the Industrial Revolution, the size and proportion of the elments that formed the city were based on human scale and the pattern of movements was also based on individual movement; In away, the pedestrian pattern formed the structucre of the city.That is the threshold of human ability to move determined the size and sistance of the bases and destination of travel. With the onset of the Industral Revolution the invention of the automobile and its use increased the speed and convenience of transportation. Prioritization of the role of pedestrians and pedestrian-oriented spaces in cities and urban spaces was diminished, and the spatial Quality of the citys public areas, urban open spaces and sidewalks was reduced.Subsequently,with the expansion of urbanization increasing the population of cities and also the complexity of social organization, various functions were created in cities and each urban peraon was created and each urban person undertook more and more divers relationships and duties that before.Land use was restricted the demand for long trips and cars was increased in the cities, as most of the commercial-service uses were concentrated in the central part of the city, motor traffic became heavier and thus not only the body of the city, but also quality of the environment and the quality of life in the city center gradually affected.Since the late 1960s and as a result of increasing urban poblems such as traffic congestion increasing accidents declining public health, reduced safety decline and destruction of valuable urban fabric, declining visual values, access to services, lack of parking space and The effects on the mental and emotional state of the people led to widespread reactions against the dominance of cavalry and the reduction of pedestrian movements in cities around the world in order to limit the movement of cavalry to revitalize city centers. Therefore today with regard to solving urban propblems, the creation of urban sidewalks is emphasized. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasiblitiy of creating urban sidewalks in Talab neighborhood by emphasizing the physical and social components of the study area of Vahid and Mofatteh streets. Didtrict four is Mashhad Municipality.

Research methods
The reseach method is descriptive-analytical and the type of article is a case studr. The studied indicators include 32 varables and indicators in dual social and physical dimensions. These indicators were collected through field studies and a questionnaire, so that the statistical population of the present study consisted of pedestrians crossing the studied streets as well as shop owners and other employees on the side of the street and a random sample method. It is simple that 171 people have been selected as a sample using the Cochrans formula. In order analyze the data a single sample t-test was used in Spss software.

Research findings
Findinds show that the average level of all four indicators of quality of lighting, social life, round the clock activities and service facilities on Vahid Street is significanantly higher than average. In Mofatteh Street, the first three indicators are above average and in the service facilities indrx are average. But in all indicators, the average score on Vahid Street shows a higher figure that Mofatteh Street.

Conclusion
The results showed that Vahid Street has the highest average in all indicators. The three main hypotheses of the research are confirmed and show that this street, with its many commercial activities can improve the economic prosperity peoples vitality and reduce traffic on this street by constructing sidewalks. But in Mofatteh Street the average index of service facilities is average. Therefore due to the low average of this of this index compared to other indicators and its importance in the construction of sidewalks the third hypothesis is not acceptable for this street and efforts should be made to solve the problems of this index including prioritizing citizens opinions avoiding makrup. Uniform urban furniture, planting flowers and plants to increase the attractiveness ans beauty of the environment, atc.

Keywords: Feasibility, walk, Social and physical components, District four of Mofatteh

Keywords


  • Abbasi, Shayesteh; Zarrabi, Asghar, and Meshkini, Abolfasl(2021),"Evaluation of human resilience in dysfunctional urban contexts (Cast study/; dysfunctional context of Sanandaj), Journal of Geography and Regional Development, (1), year 18 34,57. (in Persian).
  • Abdliahi, Ali Asghar; and Holakouee, Shima (2019), Measuring and determining the most suitable axis to become a sidewalk in the city of Kerman between lmam Juma Street and Shafa Street using Gis’, Journal of Geography and Urban Space Development, (1), 8, year (5), 174. (in Persian).
  • Aghajani, Hussein; and Taghvaei, Massoud(2021),"Sustainable geographical expression of urban neighborhhoods on the analysis of multi-space criteria of a Case study: Mashhad", Journal of Geography and Regional Development,year 18, 34, (1),261. (in Persian).
  • Akbarzadeh Moghaddam Langroudi, Amir; Ahmadi, Hassan; and Seyed Reza, Azadeh (2016), “Assessing the desirability of urban sidewalks based on qualitative components; Case study: Alam al-Huda sidewalk in Rasht”, Journal of Urban Research and Planning, (25), year 7, 129. (in Persian).
  • Akbarzadeh, Donya; and Nadomi, Raheel(2013),”Pedestrian streets and their role in the body of the city Case study: Lian Bushehr Street”, National Conference on Urban Development over Time, Imam khomeini International University, year, No, 5. (in Persian).
  • Arvin, Mahmoud; Faraji, and Ghaneh, Mahsa(1397), Evaluation of dimensions of life on urban sidewalks from the perspective of the studied citizens: Rasht cultural sidewalk”, two quarterly journals of local development (rural-urban), (2),10 year, No,255. (in Persian).
  • Akbari, Ali; Soleimani Pak, sahar Naz; Kolivand, Diba (2018), Feasibility study of sidewalk design in the urban axis of Ghods Square to Tajrish Square based on physical user perceptual factors. International Conference on Civi Engineering Architecture and Urban Design, 1, (in Persian).
  • Bates, Kai. (2013), Making Pedestrian malls work: Key elements of successful pedestrian malls in the US and Europe. Terminal project, Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Community and Regional Planning, The Department of Planning, Public Policy, & Management, University of Oregon, USA.
  • Bayramzadeh, Nima; Omidvarfar, Sajjad; Mousavi, Mir Ebrahim, and Dashti, Farnaz (2015), ‘Surver of sidewalk life after redsign of a Case study: Khayyam sidewalk in Urmia”, Architecture/ lranian Journal Architecture and Urban Planning,year 1, (5), 4. (in Persian).
  • Beckstrom, S. (2014). Prioritizing Pedestrian Safety Improvement Locations: A Spatial Analytical Approach using Network Kernel Density Estimation, (Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington).
  • Darzi Ramandi, Mohammad lbrahim; Rajabi, Azita; and Mahdavi Haji Louie, Massoud(2019),”The efect of creating sidewalks on cotizens mental and motor safety Presenting a practical model in urban planning: a case study of Darkeh, Sattarkhan and Hamila neighborhoods in Tehran”, Quarterly Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, (2), year 8, 43-44. (in Persian).
  • Ghadirzadeh Tusi, Mona(2015). Feasibility study and evaluation of urban sidewalk construction in the middle-western part of Mashhad”, unpublished dissertation of Master of Urban Planning, lmam Reza international University, lran. (in Persian).
  • Gholami, Younes; Shaterian, Mohsen; Beshaq, Mohammad Reza; and Jahani, Masoumeh (2020), Feasibility Study of Implementing Pedestrian Plan with Emphasis on Urban Transporation Indicators; Case Study: Imam khomeini St; Dezful’, Scientific Quarterly of Spatial Planning (Geography), 2, year 9, 33,7-8. (in Persian).
  • Ghorbani, Rasol; and Jam kasra, Mohammad(2010), “Pedestrian movement, a new approach in the revitalization of urban centers studied in Tabriz Tarbiat sidewalk", Urban and regional research studies, (6), year 2, 62. (in Persian).
  • Hkosto, Maryam; and Saeedi Rezvani, Navid (2010), Factors affecting the life of urban spaces, creating a vibrant urban space based on the concept of pedestrian shopping center”, Journal of City ldentity, (6),year 4, 64. (in Persian).
  • Kalantry khalilabad, Hossein; Mohammad Lou, saeedeh; and Mohammad Lou, Nazi (2016), “sidewalk design and its impact on quality of lif in the historical context of cities Case study: Tarbiat Tabriz sidewalk”, iranian Journal of Architectural Stahdavi Mudies, year, No, (9), 164. (in Persian).
  • kuchakpour shabnam, Safzvi.Ali (2016), «Urban sidewalks to increase life expectancy (Case study: Salman Farsi St. Ahvaz)»,International Conference on Civil Engineering Architecture and Urban Landscape,1, (in Persian).
  • Kim, H, boumcaun. Chkanghong, y. (2016). A people-centricse sensing approach to detecting sidewalk defects. Advanced Journal of the Engineering Informationcs, Volume 30(4), PP: 660-671.
  • Moeini, Mohammd Mehdi(2006), “Increasing pedestrian capability, a step towards more hore humane”, Journal of Fine Arts,year, No, (27), 5. (in Persian).
  • Mohammadabadi, Javad(2013),"Study and analysis of the need for urban unit management and its role in urban development (Case study: Chahar Mashhad -region), Unpublished dissertation Master of Geography and Urban Planning, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Iran.
  • Poor Ahmad, Ahmad; Haji Sharifi, Arezoo; and rmasanzadeh Lesboui, Mehdi(2012). Measuring and comparing the Quality of pedestrians in Haft Houz and Moghaddam neighborhoods of Tehran”, Journal of Spatial Planning, 6, year 2, 38. (in Persian).
  • Poor Ahmad, Ahmad; zanganeh Shahraki, Saeed; and sfaei Rineh, Mostafa (2016), «Analysis of the role of urban sidewalks in impoving the living conditions of urban spaces (Case study: 17 Shahrivar sidewalk, Tehran)», Journal of Geographical Research on Urban Planning, (2),4, year,No, 176. (in Persian).
  • Roshani, Maryam(2012), “Study of the position of pedestrians in the old part of Tabriz city center and presenting a plan based on pedestrianism in order to revive it”, unpublished masters thesis, Tabriz University of lslamic Arts, lran. (in Persian).
  • Rezaei Jafari, kamran; Maleki, Saeed; Goshtil, Masoumeh(2018), Assessing the pedestrian capestrian capability of urban spaces with a neo-urbanism approach(Case study: Kianpars neighborhood in Ahvaz), Urban Development Studies, Volume2, Number6,61. (in persian).
  • Saadati, Ali Mohammad (2015), "The role of sidewalks in reviving and reviving historical textures", Shahrnegar Bimmonthly, 73, (15),year No, 22-23. (in Persian).
  • Sadri, Arash; Tabrizi bankyan, Arezoo; and Refaei Afshar Ghezelbash, Shadi (2020), “The effect of sidewalks on increasing social interactions in the urban areas of Bamnavard (Case study: Taleghani St; Shahid to Mokhabarat Square), Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, (54), year 19, 81. (in Persian).
  • Safaei Rineh, Mustafa; Poorahmad, Ahmad; and Zanganeh Shahraki, Saeed (2020),”Spatial analysis of life in urban areas: A Case study: the sidewalk of 17 Shahrivar Tehran”, Paydar Shahr Quarterly, 2, (2), year, No, 107. (in Persian).
  • Sapawi, R. Said, I. (2012). Constructing Indices Representing Physical Attributes for Walking.
  • Shamai, Ali; and Yousfi, Saeed (2017), “Evaluation of urban development plans from the perspective of the studied citizens: implementation of Salman Farsi Street in Ahvaz’, Iranian Journal of International Geography, (53), year 15, 119. (in Persian).
  • Sheikhi, Hojjat; and Reraei, Mohammad Reza (2017), “Environmental Quality Assessment of Pedestrian Aeeas and Social Response Case Study: Ferdowsi St; llam”, journal of Urban Research and Planning, )29(, year 8,83-84. (in Persian).
  • Stangl, P. (2011), The US Pedestrian Plan: Linking Practice and Research, Planning Practice & Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 289-305.
  • Tashakkri, Leila; and mahrbani Golzar, Mohammad Reza (2019), «Development of a sidewalk of physical components or collective behavior?», Manzar Magazine, (44), 10, year, No,40. (in Persian).
  • Yazdani, Mohammad Hassan; Siddiq, Anahita; and Pashazdeh, Asghar (2016),”Study of social security in the construction of sidewalks in Ardabil”, Geography and Development, (44), year, No, 209. (in Persian).
  • Wicramasinghe, A.s, Dissanayake. (2017). Evaluation Research Procedia (25).PP: 4068-4078.
  • .www. http://zone4, mashhad. Ir.